ECZEMA

What is it?

Eczema is a kind of inflammation of the skin, usually with very dry patches. It is found on different parts of the body in different people. It is sometimes called dermatitis.

What causes it?

Eczema may be caused by something irritating the skin, such as a chemical. It may be because your skin is very sensitive (as with babies and young children) or because you tend to be allergic to things. You may find your eczema gets much worse if you are stressed.

Who gets it?

Babies and young children very commonly get eczema, but many grow out of it. If you have asthma or hay fever - or if these run in your family - you may be more likely to get eczema.

What are the symptoms?

The skin gets dry and scaly, and may get sore and inflamed. It can cause spots on the skin and be very itchy. Babies often get eczema under the nappy area (nappy rash), on the scalp (cradle cap) or behind the knees and on the inside of the elbows. Sometimes eczema gets infected, and you will find one patch of skin suddenly much more red and sore to the touch.

When should I go to my GP?

If you have dry skin, you should go to your GP if it does not get better with simple moisturisers or unscented skin cream.

If your baby has the problem, you should make an appointment if he or she seems to be bothered by it.

If a patch of skin suddenly gets very sore and inflamed, or if your eczema is spreading quickly, you should make an appointment as soon as possible.

What tests will my Doctor want to do?

Your GP will usually examine you, give you advice to stop the problem getting worse and give you creams. He or she may want to send you to the hospital for tests to see what you are allergic to.

What is the short-term treatment?

Moisturising creams, with no perfume and no added colour, are useful for all sorts of eczema. You may also get bath oil. One of the most effective treatments for eczema is steroid cream, which reduces the inflammation. This is quite safe as long as you follow your GP's instructions. Your GP will also give you advice on things to avoid, such as perfumed soaps, strong washing powders and wearing wool next to your skin.

Will I need long-term treatment?

Children usually grow out of eczema and may not have any problems in the long-term. You may find your eczema returns if you are exposed to chemicals or things you are allergic to. Usually you can just use your steroid creams as needed.

How can I stop it getting worse?

If you have sensitive skin, you can stop wearing perfume, avoid perfumed soaps, bath oil or body lotion and rinse your clothes thoroughly after washing them. Cutting out certain foods (such as dairy products) does not often help. If your eczema is caused by chemicals (hairdressing preparations or engine oil, for example) you should wear gloves, preferably cotton/lined, whenever you handle them.

Will I be referred to hospital?

You only need to go to hospital if your eczema is extremely bad, if it suddenly gets worse or if your GP wants you to have tests for allergies.